Jürgen Bohnemeyer* Demaximizing Grice?
نویسندگان
چکیده
9 Grice’s (1975, 1989) theory of conversational implicatures is one of the most 10 celebrated contributions of the 20th century to the philosophy of language, 11 linguistics, and the neighboring disciplines. Contemporary theorizing of the 12 relationship between language and logic arguably relies as much on it as on 13 the works of Frege and Montague. Almost from the moment a wider academic 14 audience began to embrace Grice’s theory and realize its significance, one of 15 its cornerstones began to inspire intense efforts to overhaul or replace it: Grice’s 16 set of conversational maxims (along with the classification of implicatures that 17 derives from it). The maxims are one of two central explanatory tools of the 18 theory, the other being the Cooperative Principle. From a logical perspective, a 19 conversational implicature is a highly complex non-monotonic inference that 20 involves five or seven premises, depending on the type of implicature (see be21 low): 22 (i) 3 The truth-conditional meaning pnn1 of the utterance U that triggers the 24 implicature; 25 (ii) 6 The sets of lexical items L = {I1, I2, ... In} and morphosyntactic construc27 tions C = {C1, C2, ... Cn} of U used to express pnn;2 28 (iii) 9 The (linguistic and situational) context c of U, modeled as a set of proposi30 tions; 31 (iv) 2 A discrete set P = {p1, p2, ... pn} of interpretations that are compatible with 33 pnn and c, but that are neither entailed nor presupposed by pnn; 34 (v) 5 Sets of alternative lexical items L′ = {I1′, I1′′, ... I2′, I2′′, ... In′, In′′, ...} and 36 alternative constructions C′ = {C1′, C1′′, ... C2′, C2′′, ... Cn′, Cn′′, ...} that seman1
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